What are US President Joe Biden’s plans and policies when it comes to outsourcing and offshoring? And how will they affect the US economy and the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector? Americans have decided: Joe Biden is the United States’ next president. While some are taking this time to celebrate – or commiserate, others are already looking into the global economic effects of Biden’s win. President Joe Biden’s outsourcing and offshoring policies During the campaign period, Biden attacked incumbent President Donald Trump’s current policies and apparent inactivity regarding offshoring. On his official website, Biden in September released his administration’s plans to fix America’s outsourcing policies. They have two “bold steps,” namely: Establishing a Biden Offshoring Tax Penalty and Biden “Made in America” Tax Credit, and closing the Trump Offshoring Loopholes; and Signing a series of executive actions to ensure that the federal government is using taxpayer dollars to Buy American products and supporting American supply chains. This means that: Biden’s Offshoring Tax Penalty is establishing a 28% corporate tax rate plus a 10% Offshoring Penalty surtax. This surtax will apply to call centers or companies located overseas but located in the United States. The Biden-Harris policy will reward those who invest in the United States. Joe Biden versus Donald Trump on outsourcing and offshoring Donald Trump, when newly elected to office in 2016, was strongly opposed to outsourcing.  This is not an uncommon stance of most presidential candidates as there is a common popular perception that ‘outsourcing takes local (US) jobs’. As a Republican, Donald Trump vowed to ‘bring back jobs’, and to ‘make America Great again’.  During his four-year term, Donald Trump’s approach to international trade was driven to a large extent by his belief that other countries are unfairly treating the United States.  In that time, he has generally weakened existing international trade alliances, increased tariffs, and created an almost all-out trade war with China. Generally, he has had a deleterious effect on international trade, however, he has not directly focused on, or curtailed outsourcing, as he had initially promised. From the beginning, Donald Trump threatened to penalize American companies that outsourced, and increase taxation for those outsourcing to support this.  However, nothing of any material consequence had emerged over his term. In fact, Joe Biden is now vowing to pursue tax reforms designed to undo measures included in Donald Trump’s 2017 tax cut legislation that he claims reduces the impetus for companies to bring jobs back to the US. In a US Democratic presidential campaign speech on 9 September 2020, Joe Biden went on the offensive over what he saw as President Donald Trump’s broken promises on reducing US outsourcing and offshoring. Biden said of Trump: “Offshoring, outsourcing, Buy American. These are areas where Donald Trump’s record has not been remotely matched by the reality”. Joe Biden, after winning the election, has promised to be more conciliatory than Trump, to once again unite the United States and try to reverse the current cultural and political polarisation.  He is more politically seasoned and astute in diplomacy, and so is likely to try and repair global trade and international relations instead of destroying them.  It seems that Biden is motivated to build a more harmonious globalized economy and international relations, however, that doesn’t mean that Biden is a fan of outsourcing – far from it. It is worth noting that Joe Biden has not spoken about the issue of outsourcing as much in his 2020 presidential campaign, but he is no stranger to the topic.  Biden was considerably more outspoken about outsourcing during his term as Barack Obama’s vice president from 2008-2016 – and it is clear that he is no fan. The United States and the Philippine offshoring industry It is no secret that a large number of American companies outsource a part of their business functions to Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) companies in the Philippines.  America and the Philippines have a longstanding political, cultural, and trade alliance dating back many decades. One indirect result is that the Asian-based Philippines has a uniquely English-speaking disposition.  Despite their Southeast Asian appearances, Filipinos largely speak in American-English, do business in English and eagerly consume and align themselves with American-English culture: Netflix, YouTube, NBA, Pizza, and so on.  America’s enterprises started outsourcing its backend functions to the Philippines almost 30 years ago.  The country’s BPO industry has since blossomed and now employs 1.3 million highly educated white-collar workers, ranging from call center agents and bookkeepers to engineers and telehealthcare providers, to data scientists and developers. The above-mentioned policies, it is likely to negatively affect the Philippines’ outsourcing industry in the short to medium term. As American companies struggle to come to terms with COVID-19’s economic catastrophe, they need all the help they can get to cut costs and seek operational efficiencies – just to survive. If the opportunity of cost-efficient offshore staffing is taken away from these struggling businesses, then it will further damage their chances of repair and regrowth.  In short, prohibiting or taking more taxes from companies that outsource may result in the closure of operations, and further determination of the economy, which will only add to America’s problems. We’re hoping that the Biden-Harris administration is not blind to the downsides of a Trump-Esque ‘America only’ approach to international trade policy.  The world is more efficient if it acts as one giant marketplace with limited taxes tariffs and friction, instead of small independent isolated silos.  The world and all of its citizens stand to benefit from increased and fairer trade with other countries, so we can only hope that Biden is cognizant of the far-reaching negative consequences of abruptly “ending” outsourcing for the US companies, employees, and communities that greatly benefit from it. Joe Biden on the Philippines Asia more generally, is seen to benefit from Joe Biden’s presidency due to the likely de-escalation of Donald Trump’s ‘trade war’ threats and posturing. For the Philippines, Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation (RCBC) chief economist Michael Ricafort said that the country can benefit from Biden’s push for the institution of additional US government spending. The newly-elected president’s preference for renewable power is also seen to positively affect the